Previously, ministerial approval under Article 38 of the Building Standards Act was required to use paper tubes as permanent structural materials. After Article 38 was abolished in the 2000 revision, a new pathway was established under Article 20, allowing ministerial approval through structural analysis equivalent to time-history response analysis. This system was utilized to obtain certification, based on comprehensive safety evaluations, including material testing from the base paper, and assessment of tube strength and construction methods. The structure was built by students as part of Keio University’s Student Build Campus (SBC) project.
